Mineralogical, lithogeochemical and sulfide trace element characteristics of the Hirvilavanmaa Au-only and the base metal-rich Naakenavaara orogenic gold deposits in the Central Lapland belt, northern Finland

The Hirvilavanmaa (Au-only) and Naakenavaara (Cu-Co-Au-Ni) deposits, located only 5 km apart in the Paleoproterozoic Central Lapland belt (CLB) northern Finland, represent two types of orogenic gold mineralization that dominate CLB: (1) Au-only (2) Au with atypical metal association, respectively. In this study, we compare these deposits order to pinpoint origin differences their associations. pyrite-rich pyrrhotite- chalcopyrite-rich are hosted primarily by ultramafic metavolcanic metasedimentary rocks Similarities include pre-ore albitization host ore mineralization-related carbonate chlorite alteration quartz?carbonate veins. Ore-related sericite biotite is prominent at Naakenavaara. Pyrite chalcopyrite from have a distinct trace element geochemistry; pyrrhotite hosts significant Co Ni concentrations. At Hirvilavanmaa, three pyrite generations Co/Ni ratios gradual evolution deposition. can be confidently classified as an deposit evidence pointing mafic rock source for ore-forming components. Naakenavaara, our results reveal complex involving but spatially coincident mineralizing events. earliest base metal-rich event started Co-rich gradually developed into main Cu-rich stage; (mean 12.5 762 respectively) associated stages. Subsequently zones were overprinted locally deposited low 0.3). presence late deposition overprinting earlier fits observations other metal?gold Finland.